This Is Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality...

Weekend Reading: Dirk Hanson: Drowning in Light

Dirk Hanson: Drowning in Light: "William D. Nordhaus calculated that the average citizen of Babylon would have had to work a total of 41 hours to buy enough lamp oil to equal a 75-watt light bulb burning for one hour.

At the time of the American Revolution, a colonial would have been able to purchase the same amount of light, in the form of candles, for about five hour’s worth of work. And by 1992, the average American, using compact fluorescents, could earn the same amount of light in less than one second. That sounds like a great deal.

For the Weekend...

Unprecedented Attack On Evolution 'Indoctrination' Mounted In Missouri: Live from The Roasterie LXXXXXII: February 21, 2014

Dylan Scott: Unprecedented Attack On Evolution 'Indoctrination' Mounted In Missouri: "A Missouri lawmaker has proposed what ranks among the most anti-evolution legislation in recent years, which would require schools to notify parents if 'the theory of evolution by natural selection' was being taught at their child's school and give them the opportunity to opt out of the class....

State Rep. Rick Brattin (R), who sponsored the bill, told a local TV station last week that teaching only evolution in school was "indoctrination."... The bill is one of several anti-evolution proposals that have already appeared in statehouses across the country.... Unsurprisingly, the proposal has drawn criticism from... science teacher organizations.... [Glenn] Branch.... Evolution inextricably pervades the biological sciences; it therefore pervades, or at any rate ought to pervade, biology education at the K–12 level. There simply is no alternative to learning about it; there is no substitute activity. The value of a high school education in Missouri would be degraded"...

And:

Willy K: Show Me Progress: The Evolution of Rick Brattin's obsession with evolution...

The Ascent of Evans Hall: The View from La Farine LXXXX: February 5, 2014

If, 20 years ago, I had decided that I was never going to wait for the elevators but rather take the stairs up and down to and from the sixth floor of Evans Hall, I would, on net:

• have saved time...
• been healthier to the extent of an extra 20 x 250 x 3 x 90 = 1,350,000 vertical feet's worth of ascent of exercise...
• that's 255.7 miles--the distance from the earth's surface to the apogee of Gemini III's orbit...

Will today be the day that I don't wait for the elevator but instead start making the climb?

In the Shadow of Malthus: Econ 210a: Spring 2014: January 22, 2014

Evil-Lution!: The View from The Roasterie LXXIII (January 13, 2014)

Public’s Views on Human Evolution:

According to a new Pew Research Center analysis, six-in-ten Americans (60%) say that “humans and other living things have evolved over time,” while a third (33%) reject the idea of evolution, saying that “humans and other living things have existed in their present form since the beginning of time.”... White evangelical Protestants are particularly likely to believe that humans have existed in their present form since the beginning of time. Roughly two-thirds (64%) express this view.... In 2009, 54% of Republicans and 64% of Democrats said humans have evolved over time, a difference of 10 percentage points. Today, 43% of Republicans and 67% of Democrats say humans have evolved, a 24-point gap...

Monica Potts: What's Killing Poor White Women?: The View from La Farine LXXII (January 10, 2014)

The target population for whom ObamaCare might make a big, positive difference: but their political masters are trying as hard as they can to make sure that they do not get it...

Monica Potts: What's Killing Poor White Women?: "White women who don’t graduate from high school... life expectancy has declined dramatically over the past 18 years... now expect to die five years earlier than the generation before them... an unheard-of drop.... Jay Olshansky... 1990 to 2008. White men without high-school diplomas had lost three years... but it was the decline for women... that made the study news.... Olshansky and his colleagues did something the other studies hadn’t: They isolated high-school dropouts and measured their outcomes instead of lumping them in with high-school graduates....

Elephant Seals on the Beach at Chimney Rock at Point Reyes: The View from the Roasterie **La Farine** XLVII: December 4, 2013

The elephant seals are on the beach at Chimney Rock at Point Reyes...

Elephant Seal: Wikipedia:

Elephant seals... large, oceangoing seals in the genus Mirounga... hunted to the brink of extinction by the end of the 19th century, but numbers have since recovered. The northern elephant seal, somewhat smaller than its southern relative, ranges over the Pacific coast of the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The most northerly breeding location on the Pacific Coast is at Race Rocks, at the southern tip of Vancouver Island.... Elephant seals breed annually and are seemingly faithful to colonies that have been established breeding areas....

Elephant seals take their name from the large proboscis of the adult male (bull) which resembles an elephant's trunk. The bull's proboscis is used in producing extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating season. More importantly, however, the nose acts as a sort of rebreather, filled with cavities designed to reabsorb moisture from the animals' exhalations. This is important during the mating season when the seals do not leave the beach to feed, so must conserve body moisture as they have no incoming source of water. The species' non-biological names reflect their colossal size, with Southern elephant seal bulls typically reaching a length of 16 ft (4.9 m) and a weight of 6,600 lb (3,000 kg), and are much larger than the cows with some exceptionally large males reaching up to 20 ft (6.1 m) in length and tipping the scales at up to 8,800 lb (4,000 kg); cows typically measure about 10 ft (3.0 m) and 2,000 lb (910 kg). Northern elephant seal bulls reach a length of 14 to 16 ft (4.3 to 4.9 m) and the heaviest weigh about 5400 lbs (2455 kg)....

Elephant seals spend upwards of 80% of their lives in the ocean... can hold their breath for more than 100 minutes... dive to 1550 m... typically for around 20 minutes for females and 60 minutes for males, as they search for their favorite foods, which are skates, rays, squid, octopuses, eels, small sharks and large fish...

Jonathan Chait: Keystone Fight a Huge Environmentalist Mistake: Noted

Jonathan Chait: Keystone Fight a Huge Environmentalist Mistake:

What do we want? An extremely tiny reduction in Canadian fossil fuel emissions! When do we want it? Eventually!... Keystone is at best marginally relevant to the cause of stopping global warming. The whole crusade increasingly looks like a bizarre misallocation of political attention. My view, which I laid out in a long feature story last spring, is that the central environmental issue of Obama’s presidency is not Keystone at all but using the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate existing power plants. That’s a tool Obama has that can bring American greenhouse gas emissions in line with international standards, and thus open the door to lead an international climate treaty in 2015. The amount of carbon emissions at stake in the EPA fight dwarf the stakes of the Keystone decision.

Contraception Extremism and the Right-Wing Bubble: Noted

Amanda Marcotte: Contraception Extremism and the Right-Wing Bubble:

When you aim for “mighty rulers of America” and instead land on “squalling baby” as your public image, you screwed up, big time. So what went so terribly wrong for Republicans? If you really want to understand what’s the matter with the modern Republican Party, look no further than the issue of contraception, which played an important role during the shutdown talks. The way that the modern Republican Party approaches what used to be the non-issue of contraception tells you everything you need to know about how the Republicans’ dramatic right-wing shift happened, and why they can’t seem to see that the political moves they think are genius are actually scaring and alienating ordinary voters....

Now Up: AnnaLee Newitz of IO9 on Mass Extinction

http://io9.com

The Most Powerful and Informative Health-Affairs Think-Tank Is: The Incidental Economist: Noted in Equitable Growth for October 14, 2013

The most powerful and informative health-affairs think tank is: The Incidental Economist:

Austin Frakt, Aaron Carroll, Kevin Outterson, Harold Pollack, Bill Gardner, Adrianna McIntyre, with occasional additional contributions by Don Taylor, Ian Crosby, and Steve Pizer. They punch so much above their weight that it is not funny. In fact, it is not clear to me that they have any weight at all--that any academic, research, or philanthropic institution has given them a dime for anything, rather than they having scrounged themselves into existence in their copious spare time and funding web hosting off of the spare-change jar…

Tom Scocca: This Free-Running War Robot Is Not Designed to Harm Humans Yet: Noted

Tom Scocca: This Free-Running War Robot Is Not Designed to Harm Humans Yet:

It has been a busy week for the Machine-Human Alliance. Sorry! The Human-Machine Alliance…. First there was the deployment of South Korea's autonomous jellyfish-killing aquatic robot swarm. Now… the engineers at Boston Dynamics… have released video of the WildCat, an untethered version of their quadrupedal Cheetah robot, capable of standing and running freely under its own power. There is absolutely no connection between the unveiling of this free-running terrestrial robot and the deployment of the aquatic jellyfish-killing robot swarm. This robot has legs. At present, this robot does not operate in collaborative hunting groups. Is there even any precedent for quadrupeds to operate in collaborative hunting groups?

Don't Get Me Wrong--ProPublica's Tylenol Story Was a Good Story--But $750K?

Peter Osnos: These Journalists Spent Two Years and $750,000 Covering One Story:

In recent weeks, ProPublica has published a major—and scathing—investigative series on the dangers of Tylenol's main active ingredient, acetaminophen. Two years in the making, this series shows yet again the essential role of investigative journalism in providing public information that can literally save lives…

But… But… But… When I read the (very good) article, it felt like a "1 person-month" article, not like a "10 person-years" article. 10 person-years should buy you not one article but four full books on medical safety.

I mean, if I had set out to write a Tylenol safety story, I would have started by googling "site:cdc.gov tylenol overdoses", immediately gotten to http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0749-3797/PIIS0749379711001826.pdf and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21294217, started making calls to the authors, and then--armed with data--gone to visit my local hospital. I would, I think, expect to be done in a month.

Why did it take ProPublica 10 person-years? And what more did they get in their story that wouldn't have been in the 1 person-month story?

I do not understand modern American journalism. I do not understand it at many levels…

John Timmer: Kansas Republicans, creationists oppose new science education standards: Noted

John Timmer: Kansas Republicans, creationists oppose new science education standards:

The NGSS standards are a nationwide attempt to improve science education in the US, and they have been backed by organizations such as the National Research Council, National Science Teachers Association, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science…. The most surprising is Kansas, which has an awkward past when it comes to science education. The state booted evolution from its science standards at least twice in the last few decades…. The state Republican Party has called for their withdrawal, and now a lawsuit has been filed that claims the standards' focus on natural causes will violate students' religious freedom.

On a Thousand Year Timescale the Human Race Really Is Just One Big Unhappy Family

470 years ago, in 1543, King Henry VIII Tudor of England married his sixth and last wife, Katherine Parr. He also allied with the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Habsburg "of Ghent"; declared war on France; imposed the English administrative grid of counties, shires, boroughs, and House of Commons representatives on Wales; made yet another short-lived treaty with Scotland; burned the three Protestant Windsor Martyrs; and named the composer Thomas Tallis a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. A busy king, for one so sick and mad.